DO POLITICALLY CONNECTED BANKS PERFORM BETTER IN A DEMOCRATIC ENVIRONMENT?

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Rashedul Hasan
Mohammad Kabir Hassan
Jiayuan Tian

Abstract

This paper elucidates the intricate relationship among bank performance, political connections, and the democratic environment. The existing body of evidence is notably limited in illustrating the impact of a democratic environment on bank performance. Our study examines a sample of 397 banks spanning 14 countries and districts, encompassing both politically affiliated and non-politically affiliated banks in both democratic and non-democratic settings. The empirical findings reveal a reduction in non-performing loans but an escalation in loan loss provision within a democratic environment. This phenomenon may be attributed to the diminished level of financial constraints prevalent in democratic settings. Furthermore, our investigation reveals
that political connections exert a deleterious effect on the non-performing loans (NPL) ratio, coupled with a salutary impact on loan loss provision. Conclusively, our research identifies that the stock return of politically connected banks in democratic environments is inferior to their counterparts in non-democratic environments. Additionally, the non-performing loans ratio (NPL) of politically connected banks in democratic environments tends to be higher compared to their non-democratic counterparts. Conversely, the loan loss provision of politically connected banks in democratic environments tends to be lower than that in non-democratic environments. This nuanced analysis contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the interplay between democratic environments, political connections, and bank performance.

Keywords: bank, democracy, loss loan provision, performance, political connection

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

References

  1. Asutay, Mehmet, and Noor Zahirah Mohd Sidek. “Political Economy of Islamic Banking Growth: Does Political Regime and Institutions, Governance and Political Risks Matter?” International Journal of Finance & Economics 26, no. 3 (2021): 4226-4261. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2011.
  2. Boateng, Agyenim, Yang Liu, and Sanjukta Brahma. “Politically Connected Boards, Ownership Structure and Credit Risk: Evidence from Chinese Commercial Banks,” Research in International Business and Finance 47 (2019): 162- 173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2018.07.008.
  3. Bouvatier, Vincent, and Laetitia Lepetit. “Banks’ Procyclical Behavior: Does Provisioning Matter?” Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 18, no. 5 (2008): 513-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2007.07.004.
  4. Chen, Hung-Kun, Yin-Chi Liao, Chih-Yung Lin, and Ju-Fang Yen. “The Effect of the Political Connections of Government Bank CEOs on Bank Performance during the Financial Crisis.” Journal of Financial Stability 36 (2018): 130-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2018.02.010.
  5. Delis, Manthos D., Iftekhar Hasan, and Steven Ongena. “Democracy and Credit,” Journal of Financial Economics 136, no. 2 (2020): 571-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.09.013.
  6. Faccio, Mara. “Differences Between Politically Connected and Nonconnected Firms: A Cross-Country Analysis,” Financial Management 39, no. 3 (2010): 905-928. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053X.2010.01099.x.
  7. Goldman, Eitan, Jörg Rocholl, and Jongil So. “Do Politically Connected Boards Affect Firm Value?” The Review of Financial Studies 22, no. 6 (2009): 2331-2360. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn088.
  8. Huang, Min, Mengyao Li, and Zhihan Liao. “Do Politically Connected CEOs Promote Chinese Listed Industrial Firms’ Green Innovation? The Mediating Role of External Governance Environments.” Journal of Cleaner Production 278 (2021): 123634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123634.
  9. Jackowicz, Krzysztof, Oskar Kowalewski, and Łukasz Kozłowski. “The Influence of Political Factors on Commercial Banks in Central European Countries.” Journal of Financial Stability 9, no. 4 (2013): 759-777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2012.08.001.
  10. Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran, Gerald J. Lobo, and Dong-Hoon Yang. “Determinants of Signaling by Banks Through Loan Loss Provisions,” Journal of Business Research 58, no. 3 (2005): 312-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.06.002.
  11. Ozili, Peterson K. “Bank Income Smoothing, Institutions and Corruption,” Research in International Business and Finance 49 (2019): 82-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.02.009.
  12. Sapienza, Paola. “The Effects of Government Ownership on Bank Lending,” Journal of Financial Economics 72, no. 2 (2004): 357-384. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2002.10.002.
  13. Shamshur, Anastasiya, and Laurent Weill. “Does Bank Efficiency Influence the Cost of Credit?” Journal of Banking & Finance 105 (2019): 62-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.05.002.