CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY (CBDC): A SENTIMENT ANALYSIS AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Aisyah As-Salafiyah
Aam Slamet Rusydiana
Ihsanul Ikhwan

Abstract

Bank Indonesia plans to issue a digital rupiah in the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) development project, the official digital currency issued by the central bank. This study aims to review the perceptions of the scientific literature regarding the CBDC theme from a legal perspective. Its nature is still new and has not been widely implemented by various countries worldwide, making this theme interesting for further study. This study uses a qualitative method with a sentiment analysis approach. The research object is 50 papers published by Scopus-indexed journals until December 12, 2022. The data is then processed using the SentiStrength software, which can be used in conducting sentiment analysis. CBDC is an innovation that is currently being developed by various countries in the world. The results of this study indicate differences in sentiment trends from various pieces of literature, where of the five classifications of sentiment, sentiment showing high positive and high negative amounts to 0%. The positive sentiment is 30%, the negative sentiment is 26%, and the neutral sentiment is 44%. This finding indicates that the dominant sentiment is neutral, where positive and negative levels are equal, followed by positive sentiment and then negative sentiment. The results of this sentiment analysis are an overview that can serve as basic research for regulators, practitioners and academics as valuable insights that can help provide an understanding of the scientific literature's perception of CBDC so that it can be considered in decision making. This research is the first study to conduct sentiment analysis on the scientific literature on the CBDC theme.

Keywords: Central Bank, Digital Currency, Legal, Literature Review, indonesia, CBDC

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

References

  1. Aggraeni, Dyah Tiara Putri, and Enjat Munajat. “Potensi Rupiah Digital Menjadi Solusi Baru Pemberantasan Korupsi Di Pemerintahan Indonesia.”Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Keuangan 4, no. 3 (2022): 1304–22.
  2. Akbar, Eisa, and Karina Dwi Nugrahati Putri. “Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) As a New Form of Currency in Indonesia (a Comparative Studyof Sweden’s E-Krona Project).” Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2019. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/.
  3. Alonso, Sergio Luis Náñez, Javier Jorge-Vazquez, and Ricardo Francisco Reier Forradellas. “Central Banks Digital Currency: Detection of Optimal Countries for the Implementation of a CBDC and the Implication for Payment Industry Open Innovation.” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010072.
  4. As-salafiyah, Aisyah, Aam Slamet Rusydiana, and Muhammad Isa Mustafa. “Meta Analysis on Mosque Economics.” Library Philosophy and Practice (e-Journal), 2021.
  5. Bech, Morten, and Rodney Garratt. “Central Bank Cryptocurrencies.” BIS Quarterly Review, no. September (2017): 55–70.
  6. Belke, Ansgar, and Edoardo Beretta. “From Cash to Central Bank Digital Currencies and Cryptocurrencies: A Balancing Act between Modernity and Monetary Stability.” Journal of Economic Studies 47, no. 4 (2019): 911–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-07-2019-0311.
  7. ———. “From Cash to Private and Public Digital Currencies: The Risk of Financial Instability and ‘Modern Monetary Middle Ages.’” Economics and Business Letters 9, no. 3 (2020): 189–96. https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.9.3.2020.189-196.
  8. Carvalho, Jonnathan, Adriana Prado, and Alexandre Plastino. “A Statistical and Evolutionary Approach to Sentiment Analysis.” International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 2014, 110–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/WI-IAT.2014.87.
  9. Chen, Hongyi, and Pierre L. Siklos. “Central Bank Digital Currency: A Review and Some Macro-Financial Implications.” Journal of Financial Stability 60, no. February (2022): 100985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2022.100985.
  10. Cheng, Pangyue. “Decoding the Rise of Central Bank Digital Currency in China: Designs, Problems, and Prospects.” Journal of Banking Regulation 13, no. 7 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-022-00193-5.
  11. Chu, Yeonouk, Jaeho Lee, Sungjoong Kim, Hyunjoong Kim, Yongtae Yoon, and Hyeyoung Chung. “Review of Offline Payment Function of CBDC Considering Security Requirements.” Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (2022): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094488.
  12. Cullen, Jay. “‘Economically Inefficient and Legally Untenable’: Constitutional Limitations on the Introduction of Central Bank Digital Currencies in the EU.” Journal of Banking Regulation 23, no. 1 (2022): 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-021-00162-4.
  13. Ginting, Ramlan. “The Legal Perspective on Strengthening the Practice of Bank Guarantees in Indonesia: Revisiting the Provisions Related to Payment.” Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions 1, no. 2 (2022): 405–30. https://doi.org/10.21098/jcli.v1i2.16.
  14. Handayani, Fitri, and Fatma Yuliana. “Design and Legal Aspect of Central Bank Digital Currency: A Literature Review.” Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions 1, no. 3 (2022): 509–36 https://doi.org/10.21098/jcli.v1i3.35
  15. Harahap, Berry A., Pakasa Bary Idham, Anggita Cinditya M. Kusuma, and Robbi Nur Rakhman. “Perkembangan Financial Technology Terkait Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Terhadap Transmisi Kebijakan
  16. Moneter Dan Makroekonomi.” Bank Indonesia 2 (2017): 1–80. https://ideas.repec.org/p/idn/wpaper/wp022017.html
  17. Indrawati, Fransiska Ari. “Central Bank Digital Currency Under the State Theory of Money: A Preliminary Legal Analysis.” Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions 1, no. 3 (2022): 371–404. https://doi.org/10.21098/jcli.v1i3.23
  18. Jun, Jooyong, and Eunjung Yeo. “Central Bank Digital Currency, Loan Supply, and Bank Failure Risk: A Microeconomic Approach.” Financial Innovation 7, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-021-00296-4.
  19. Kochergin, Dmitrii A., and Alsu I. Yangirova. “Central Bank Digital Currencies: Key Characteristics and Directions of Influence on Monetary and Credit and Payment Systems.” Finance: Theory and Practice 23, no. 4 (2019): 80–98. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-4-80-98.
  20. Kovanen, Arto. “Competing with Bitcoin - Some Policy Considerations for Issuing Digitalized Legal Tenders.” International Journal of Financial Research 10, no. 4 (2019): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v10n4p1.
  21. Mahardika, Zahrashafa, Rizky Banyualam Permana, and Nadia Maulisa. “Going Digital Rupiah: Some Considerations from Sovereignty and Cybersecurity Perspectives.” Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions 2, no. 1 (2023): 25–54. https://doi.org/10.21098/jcli.v2i1.42.
  22. Nurullia, Syafira. “Menggagas Pengaturan Dan Penerapan Central Bank Digital Currency Di Indonesia: Bingkai Ius Constituendum.” Journal of Judicial Review 23, no. 2 (2021): 275. https://doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v23i2.5014.
  23. Purnawan, Muhammad Edhie, and Retno Riyanti. “Significant Effect of the Central Bank Digital Currency on the Design of Monetary Policy.” Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia 8, no. 1 (2019): 125–51. https://doi.org/10.52813/jei.v8i1.15.
  24. Rusydiana, Aam Slamet, and Lina Marlina. “Analisis Sentimen Terkait Sertifikasi Halal.” Journal of Economics and Business Aseanomics (JEBA) 5, no. 1 (2020): 69–85.
  25. Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif Dan R&D. Alfabeta Bandung, 2010.
  26. Syarifuddin, Ferry, and Toni Bakhtiar. “Monetary Policy Strategy in the Presence of Central Bank Digital Currency Monetary Policy Strategy in the Presence of Central Bank Digital Currency.” Bank Indonesia, 2021.
  27. Tanjung, Andi Eko, Bill Arifauzan, Iqbal Harfi Munthe, and Juli Amri Silalahi. “Optimization of Preparation for The Implementation of Central Bank Digital Currency Rupiah Bank Indonesia: Education and Financial Literacy
  28. Improvement.” G20 TechSprint 2022, 2022.
  29. Tronnier, Frederic;, Michael; Recker, and Peter; Hamm. “Towards Central Bank Digital Currency – A Systematic Literature Review.” In Towards Central Bank Digital Currency, 1–14, 2020.
  30. Ward, Orla, and Sabrina Rochemont. Understanding Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC). Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, 2019. https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/612%0Ahttps://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.
  31. org/documents/CNAS-Report-Chinas-Digital-Currency-Jan-2021-final.pdf%0A https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.05.019%0A https://www.actuaries.org.uk/system/files/field/document.
  32. Wicaksana, Prayoga, Prayoga Tri Yunanto, and Muchammad Irfan Maulana Rosandi. “Analysis of the Use of CBDC in Indonesia’s Economic Improvement.” Jurnal JEKSYAR (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah) 1, no. 2 (2022): 46–51.
  33. Xu, Chaowei, and Banggui Jin. “Digital Currency in China: Pilot Implementations, Legal Challenges and Prospects.” Juridical Tribune 12, no. 2 (2022): 177–94. https://doi.org/10.24818/TBJ/2022/12/2.02.
  34. Zams, Bastian Muzbar, Ratih Indrastuti, Akhmad Ginulur Pangersa, Nur Annisa Hasniawati, Fatimah Az Zahra, and Indah Ayu Fauziah. “Designing Central Bank Digital Currency for Indonesia: The Delphi-Analytic Network
  35. Process.” Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan 23, no. 3 (2019): 411–38. https://doi.org/10.21098/BEMP.V23I3.1351.
  36. ———. “Designing Central Bank Digital Currency for Indonesia: The DelphiAnalytic Network Process.” Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking Volume 23, no. 3 (2020): 411–38. https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v23i3.